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Ambrose University O’Keefe Libraryī: Several different translations, online concordances, cross-references and commentaries, original Greek and Hebrew download complete Bibles and reference materialīlue Letter Bible: Bibles, commentaries, and study toolsĬhildren’s Bible: 9 translations of the Book of Mark, picture stories, coloring book and quizzes ITanakh resources include texts, archaeology, and related subjectsīible Resource Center: Provided by the American Bible Society, this site offers basic Bible study helps, including Bible dictionaries, charts and graphs.īible Sources from St. The Old Testament Gateway: A comprehensive, annotated, academic directory of internet sites on the Old Testament.īible Commentaries Online Links to several older commentaries in the public domain for each book of the Bible.Ĭ. The New Testament Gateway: A comprehensive, up-to-date web directory of internet resources related to the New Testament, maintained by Dr. Smith’s.īible and Commentary Browser at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library ( CCEL)
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This page also includes an article on the Holy Spirit.Ĭollege Press’ Bible Study Textbook Series: Full text of many volumes in this series other than Dr.
Pendleton, transcribed from a copy of the 1914 Standard Publishing edition. The expanded electronic version of The Fourfold Gospel by J.
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Smith on Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Luke, Galatians, and Ephesians, and a Harmony of the Four Gospels, in a PDF document, edited by Dr. Old Paths: includes the King James, American Standard, and the Old Paths Versions, and a Russian versionĬommentaries by Dr. International Bible Society Bible Gateway - 38 non-English translations in addition to English NIV, TNIV, and NIrV.ĪUDIO: Faith Comes by Hearing : The world’s largest catalog of Audio Bibles, to hear or download, in 414 languagesĪRTFL Project: Multi-lingual Bibles: King James English, Luther German, Louis Segond French, Latin Vulgateī multilingual text, over 100 translations, some in interlinear By the early 21st century, though the rise of nondenominational megachurches and an increase in “nones” (people with no religious identification) had weakened the hold of traditional doctrines on many Americans, the tension between voluntarism and predestination remained basic to theism as it has been for : Search 23 versions, including TEV.īible Study Tools Online A comprehensive site, “the Web’s largest library of online Bible study resources.”īible Gateway: 18 versions available for searching, some with audio Less frequently, non-Christians weighed in, occasionally embracing the trope of anti-Calvinism as a way to demonstrate their own traditions’ compatibility with American freedom.
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Debates over free will and predestination also bred factionalism and even threatened schism in several denominations, including the Congregationalists, Lutherans, Presbyterians, and Baptists. The intensity of Puritanism’s predestinarian psychology generated a widespread anti-Calvinist backlash in the 19th century and contributed to the growth of a number of upstart denominations, including Methodists, Universalists, Restoration Movement “Christians,” Mormons, Adventists, and Christian Scientists. The New England Puritan clergy were the first major bearers of this scholastic tradition, which abounded with paradox and logical distinctions. In the 16th and 17th centuries, this debate cut across the Reformation divide, with each position represented among both Catholic and Protestant scholastics. Particularly contentious has been the question of predestination, especially the problem of whether God elects persons for salvation conditionally (based on their foreseen faith or merit) or unconditionally (based solely on his inscrutable wisdom). Yet an equally important source of denominational divisions has been the nexus of issues surrounding agency (humans’ freedom to act as they choose), voluntarism (defined here as the quest for salvation through this-worldly action), and predestination (the otherworldly question of whether God predetermines each person’s eternal destiny). The form of church government, the proper way to worship, the extent of the scriptural canon, and the limits of racial and gender inclusion are but a few of the questions on which the nation’s majority Christians have erected boundaries among themselves, to say nothing of their differences with non-Christians. In the free marketplace of religious ideas that is the United States, Americans have disagreed over many things.